The massive fire in the 52-unit complex broke out around 12:30 am ET in L'Isle-Verte, about 140 miles (225 kilometers) east of Quebec City.
Initial reports said 20 residents had been transported to safety, but it was unclear just how many residents were missing in the inferno. Quebec Provincial Police Sgt. Ann Mathieu said Thursday authorities were trying to determine the exact number of victims and learn the cause of the blaze.
The complex also housed a social agency, a pharmacy and a hair salon.
Several fire departments in the region were called in to help extinguish the blaze, which completely destroyed the building.