The following are the five major junctures that the global climate negotiations have gone through in the past 20 years.
In climate change talks, parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) mainly group under three contending forces, namely the Umbrella Group, the European Union(EU) and the G77 and China.
The COP is the 'supreme body' of the Convention, its highest decision-making authority.
States that are Parties to the Protocol are represented in the CMP, as well as other States, NGOs and UN agencies, who are allowed to participate as observers.
The Asia-Pacific Group is the next host of the Conference of the Parties with COP18/CMP 8 taking place from November 26 to December 7, 2012 in Doha, Qatar.
The land of Qatar was once famous for its pearl diving, its timeless desert landscape, its importance as a trade bridge, and its hospitable people thriving in an inhospitable climate.