The defending champion Dong took the silver medal in 60.535 points and the world champion Gao finished third in 60.175 points.
China claimed its first cycling Olympic gold after Gong Jinjie and Zhong Tianshi won the women's team sprint in the Rio Olympic Velodrome on Friday.
Wang Zhen of China has won the men's 20-kilometer racewalking gold medal at the Rio Games, with Chinese teammate Cai Zelin taking the silver.
Michael Phelps of the United States won the Olympic 200 meters individual medley on Thursday to capture the 22nd gold medal of his career and become the first swimmer to win the same event at four consecutive Games.
China's Ma Long overwhelmed his teammate and defending champion Zhang Jike with a 4-0 win to seize gold in the men's table tennis singles final on Thursday, with Japan's Jun Mizutani claiming the bronze.
China, the defending champion, wins the silver medal in the women's epee team match of the fencing event in Rio.
Zhang Binbin won the silver medal in the women's 50-meter rifle three position on Thursday at the Rio Olympic Games, and 2008 Olympic champion Du Li took the bronze.
Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the men's synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday, the country's first-ever Olympic gold medal in diving.
China's Ding Ning beat teammate Li Xiaoxia 4-3 to win women's table tennis singles gold medal at Rio De Janeiro in Brazil on August 10, 2016. Li won silver metal of the match.
Winning isn't everything - but wanting to is. For the vast majority of Olympians, simply competing in these Games is the greatest accomplishment of their career.
Kuwaiti marksman Fehaid Aldeehani battled wet and blustery conditions to win the men's double trap event on Wednesday, becoming the first athlete to ever win a gold medal while competing under the Olympic flag.
Xiang Yanmei of China won the women's 69kg weightlifting gold with a total of 261kg at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.