Wrestling

Recognised as one of the world's oldest sports, Wrestling was first held at the ancient Olympics in 708 BC, and Greco-Roman Wrestling was included at the Athens 1896 Games, the first of the modern era.

Played out on a circular mat, the sport is a battle of nerves, strength and skill, and should provide plenty of drama at ExCeL during London 2012.

The London 2012 Wrestling competition consists of two disciplines - Greco-Roman, where athletes use their upper bodies and arms only, and Freestyle, where athletes can use any part of their bodies.

Competition dates

Aug 5 - Aug 12

Competition venue

ExCeL

Number of medal events

18 - Greco-Roman consists of seven weight categories for men only. Freestyle consists of seven weight categories for men and four for women.

Number of competitors

344 (266 men and 72 women, 6 to be confirmed). Each country is limited to one athlete in each event.

Field of play

Wrestling bouts are fought on an octagonal mat measuring 12m x 12m. Inside the mat is a 9m diameter combat circle.

History of Wrestling at the Olympic Games

Eight years after Greco-Roman Wrestling was featured at the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, Freestyle Wrestling was introduced at the St Louis 1904 Games. Women's Wrestling joined the Olympic programme at Athens in 2004.

The basics

Wrestling is a body-to-body combat sport. Greco-Roman wrestlers use only their upper bodies and arms. Freestyle wrestlers can use any part of their body to pin or throw their opponent to the ground.The aim is to force the back of the opponent's shoulders on to the ground. Bouts take place on a mat and can last for a maximum of three periods of two minutes, with a 30-second break in between periods. Periods are decided by points, awarded for various throws and holds. A period is won by technical superiority by performing a grand amplitude hold (worth five points), scoring two holds worth three points, or gaining a six-point lead.

The athlete who wins two periods wins the bout. A contest can finish early if a wrestler wins the first two periods or pins his/her opponent.

In Freestyle Wrestling, the third, deciding period may last longer than two minutes to determine the winner. In the event of a tie on points in the third period after two minutes, the bout enters a golden score period, when the first score wins.

The rules in women's Wrestling are similar to those used in men's Freestyle Wrestling, but with some key variations - for example, double head-locks are forbidden.

Competition format

Athletes compete in weight categories. For all events, there is a direct elimination system that eventually decides the two finalists for the gold medal match.

All wrestlers who lose against either finalist, at any stage of the competition up to and including the semi-finals, enter the repechage; the winners of the two repechage groups win bronze medals.

Officials

Each bout is controlled by a refereeing body, which consists of a referee, a judge and a mat chairman. The three officials work together to decide on fall or points, with agreement needed between at least two of them. Each wrestler or coach (with the agreement of his/her wrestler) can challenge the decision of the refereeing body through video evidence. The quality of the refereeing body's decisions is monitored by the jury of appeal (three people), with one jury of appeal assigned to each mat.

Keys to success

Wrestling is a technical, tactical, body-to-body confrontation involving strength and physical and mental skills. Olympic wresters need to be strong, fast and quick thinking.

Breaking the rules

An incredibly technical sport, wrestlers must stay within the rules or risk having valuable points awarded to the opposition. Points can be awarded for illegal actions, such as scratching, biting or pinching; for illegal holds (some holds may only be enacted with one hand, for instance, or from a particular direction); or for leaving the mat.