Survivor tells of Nanjing massacre horrors (Agencies) Updated: 2005-06-07 16:17
Xia Shuqin has cried so many tears for her parents and siblings who were
brutally murdered during the 1937 Japanese invasion of Nanjing that she says it
has slowly made her blind.
It has been 67 years since that fateful day but Xia cannot forget how
Japanese soldiers butchered her family, effectively marking the beginning of
nearly two months of wholesale slaughter, rape and destruction that is today
known as the Nanjing Massacre.
Japanese Imperial Army soldiers about to
behead a Chinese man in Nanjing during their occuption of the
city.[AFP/File] | Stabbed three times and left for
dead herself, Xia recalled in an AFP interview the terrifying moments of that
smoke-filled morning of December 13, 1937, when Imperial troops first pounded on
the door.
"It was my father who went to open the door and the Japanese soldiers, with
guns already loaded, shot my father as soon as he opened up," said Xia, a small,
thin woman with an unseeing, greyishly discolored right eye.
Nine family members and four neighbours had been hiding at Xia's home for
weeks as Japanese bombs fell and fighting raged outside the ancient walls of
this regal and once capital city of China, about 200 kilometres (124 miles) from
Shanghai.
"People didnt dare to get out of their place and hid under tables for
shelter," said Xia, who is also partially blind in her other eye.
"Everything was in ruins and there was dust and smoke everywhere ... the city
was a complete mess."
As the outgunned Chinese Nationalist army fled across the Yangtze River on
that ignominious day, Nanjing fell to 50,000 Japanese troops who marched in,
presenting themselves as benificent saviours.
They were anything but.
"My mom was embracing my one-year old sister under the table," Xia continued.
Xia Shuqin, 75, a
survivor of the Nanjing Massacre, places flowers at Nanjing Massacre
Memorial Museum when she attended the ceremony to commemorate the event's
67th anniversary. [China Daily] | "They dragged my
mom out from under the table and immediately stabbed my sister to death. They
just killed her like that," she said, with a sharp wave of her arm.
On that harrowing day a dozen or so soldiers then set upon her mother, gang
raping and then killing her, while two neighbourhood children cowering under the
table with them were shot dead.
As the Japanese turned to dispatching others her grandparents grabbed Xia and
her three remaining sisters and ran into another room, gaining precious minutes.
"I heard screams and gunshots from the other room but we were so scared we
didn't dare to make a sound," said Xia.
Everything went quiet before the soldiers finally stormed in, bayoneting her
grandparents first, then raping and killing her 15- and- 13-year-old sisters.
Xia blacked out.
She doesn't know how long it was before she came to, but she remembers
hearing the crying of her four-year old sister. Xia was soaked in blood, and had
been stabbed three times in the arm and back.
Surrounded by the decomposing corpses of her family and neighbours, the two
sisters hid in the house for the next 10 days, surviving on scraps of food.
"We didn't dare to move or eat in daytime, Japanese soldiers were near by and
they walked by my place on patrol everyday," she said.
An old couple eventually found them and snuck them to the International
Safety Zone, a makeshift refugee camp set up by foreigners who had remained in
Nanjing to try and prevent further killings.
According to historians and thousands of recorded personal testimonies, what
happened in Xia's house occurred with abandon throughout the metropolis that was
then home to one million residents.
By the time the Japanese army had finished their killing spree, according to
conservative estimates 140,000 were dead, most of them unarmed civilians and
many women and children.
Considered one of the bloodiest massacres in modern history, China estimates
that some 300,000 were slaughtered. Many independent international counts put
the death toll closer to 400,000.
Jing Shenghong, an expert on the subject at Nanjing Normal University, said
the bloodbath was meant to "terrify Chinese people and the government into
surrendering as soon as possible".
It failed to work as China eventually expelled the Japanese.
Despite the overwhelming evidence, some of it from personal accounts of
Imperial soldiers who took part in the massacre, history has not been able to
bring closure to this horrific event.
Repeated denials by some Japanese academics and politicians that the Nanjing
massacre was an orgy of murder has routinely enraged China in recent years,
souring diplomatic relations.
Particularly galling for the dwindling number of survivors is Japan's refusal
to grant compensation, claiming that under international law individuals do not
have a right to directly seek money from a warring nation.
In the most recent case, the Tokyo High Court in April refused compensation
for 10 Chinese survivors or relatives of victims of the Nanjing Massacre and
Japan's Unit 731, which conducted germ experiments on humans in northern China.
"Under civil law, the country does not bear responsibility either," ruled
presiding judge Masahito Monguchi.
The issue of Japan's World War II record has resurfaced with a vengeance this
year, with three weeks of student-led protests throughout the mainland bringing
Sino-Japanese relations to their lowest point in 30 years.
To blame in part are Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to
the country's wartime shrine, where class-A war criminals are buried, as well as
Japan's glossing over of its wartime record in school textbooks.
But it is also because Beijing has now started to prove itself more willing
to challenge Japan as it has grown in economic power and political clout.
"Research into the war and the massacre was neglected. But China's reform in
the 1980s not only liberated the economy, but also liberalized academic
research," said Wang Weixing, deputy director of the Institute of History
Studies of Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Science.
When it re-established diplomatic ties with Japan in 1972, China had agreed
to drop claims for wartime reparations.
This stance continued in the 1980s when the Chinese government was reluctant
to pressure Tokyo at time when it desperately needed investment as it began
opening up to the world.
Official attitudes finally began to change in the 1990s amid a resurgence of
nationalism among Japan's right-wing party and a growing chorus of voices in
South Korea and China for the island nation to apologise and compensate victims.
For Xia, books published by Higashinakano Osamu and Magsumura Goshio in the
mid-1990s questioning the veracity of witnesses' accounts of the events in
Nanjing proved the final straw.
It prompted her in 2000 to sue for damages of 800,000 yuan (96,600 dollars)
in a Beijing court. Her case has yet to be heard, but she says she will fight on
as long as she can.
"I survived from the pile of dead bodies, how could I be a fake witness?"
said an indignant Xia. "I just want to be healthy so I can sue them to the
end."
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