Thousands of travellers queue to buy tickets at Beijing
Railway Station February 10, 2007. [Reuters]
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China's "Golden Week" holidays have turned into logistical nightmares as
millions of people take off at the same time -- leading to calls for change from
a growing number of economists.
Abolishing the holidays might be politically unfeasible but staggering them
and allowing people to go away on vacation at different times of the year could
be possible, they say.
"Golden Weeks have both positive and negative effects," said Ning Xiangdong,
an economist from Beijing's Tsinghua University.
"People go travelling all over China, and that's great for the economy, but
it also creates traffic problems, and the facilities are not geared to handling
so many tourists," he said.
This year, a total of 150 million Chinese are expected to get on trains,
buses and planes, as they use the opportunity of seven days off work, beginning
Tuesday, to escape the daily grind.
That is exactly what the government envisaged when, out of the blue, it
introduced three week-long holidays in 1999 -- May Day, the October 1 National
Day, and the Spring Festival, which falls in January or February every year.
It happened at a time when China was reeling from the Asian financial crisis
and desperately needed more growth, leading to one of the world's most liberal
holiday regimes almost overnight.
Now, after four consecutive years of double-digit growth, the economic
rationale is felt much less keenly, but the negative side effects of vacationing
en masse are as obvious as ever.
Trains are so crowded they look like Guinness record attempts, the average
Beijing or Shanghai park is a seething sea of people, and even no-star hotels
are fully booked.
This makes it difficult for the individual holiday-making family, but for the
policy makers there are even more compelling reasons to start thinking about
alternatives.
Although official statistics claim that past Golden Weeks have contributed
altogether 670 billion yuan (87 billion dollars) to the economy, analysts argue
the holidays are of declining value.
"If you look at the contribution of the Golden Weeks to the economy, the
effect is approaching zero," said Hu Xingdou, a professor of economics at the
Beijing Institute of Technology.
Deputies from the national legislature proposed changes to the holidays when
they gathered for their annual full meeting in March.
They called for shortened Labour Day (May Day) and National Day holidays, and
the addition of traditional festivals such as the Tomb Sweeping Day in early
April.
But reducing the holidays, let alone abolishing them, would not be a popular
decision, economists said.
According to Zhang Jun, an economist at Shanghai's Fudan University, the
three Golden Weeks are rapidly becoming an ingrained part of the local culture.
"Initially, the Golden Week holidays were introduced in order to create more
economic growth, but boosting the economy is no longer an important reason for
keeping them," he said.
As a compromise solution, the government is now actively considering a new
system of staggered holidays, according to economists, who are often the first
to know because their advice is sought ahead of major policy decisions.
"The cabinet is considering staggering the Golden Week holidays and letting
people choose themselves when to have them," said He Jianmin, a tourism expert
at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.
"The number of days off will remain the same, but it's preferable to allow
people to make their own choice."
The average Chinese now seems tired enough of the holiday crowds to support
reform.
A poll of 40,000 people conducted by popular Internet portal sohu.com in
December showed that 65 percent were in favour of replacing the current system
with something else.
Some analysts argued, however, that if the welfare of China's workers were
really a priority, there were other measures that the government might consider
taking.
"I think the government should boost the salaries of the workforce, and
improve social security," said Hu of the Beijing Institute of Technology.
"Genuinely protecting the interests of the workers is better than promoting
the 'Golden Weeks.'"