VI. The Rights and Interests of the Disabled
China attaches great importance to the development of services for the
disabled, and protects all their rights.
The legal and policy guarantees for the rights and interests of disabled
people have been enhanced. In 2004, an amendment of the "Law on Protection of
the Disabled" was started, aiming to further improve the legal guarantee for the
rights and interests of the disabled and for the development of undertakings
relating to the disabled. At present, most counties, towns and townships in
China have formulated preferential policies for the disabled and regulations on
aiding them. In the rural areas, the disabled enjoy reduction of or exemption
from taxes and fees. In September 2004, the State Council officially approved a
second national sample survey regarding the disabled people, which would gather
basic information on their present situations, and provide a detailed, reliable
basis for the government to formulate and implement laws, regulations,
development plans, policies and measures concerning the disabled, to strengthen
and improve services for them, and to help them be better off. The government
issued the "Opinions on Further Enhancing the Work of Aiding Impoverished
Disabled People," which provides an overall plan for the aid, social security,
employment, education, rehabilitation and rights protection for the impoverished
disabled people, and which promotes settlement of their problems in basic
production and living. In 2004, China Welfare Fund for the Disabled donated 1
million yuan and cooperated with the China Disabled Persons' Federation in
launching the campaign of "aiding the disabled in protection of their rights,"
providing subsidies for handling cases involving disabled people who needed
legal aid. Legal service and aid organizations provided services and aid to the
disabled totaling 130,000 person-times, thus safeguarding their legal rights and
interests.
The socialized rehabilitation service system has been
continuously improved, key rehabilitation projects implemented effectively, and
disabled people's self-reliance in daily life, social adaptability and living
qualities enhanced. In 2004, over 3.30 million disabled people overcame their
disabilities to varying degrees. Of them, 580,000 people suffering from
cataracts received operations to recover their sight, among whom over 100,000
impoverished received free operations; nearly 30,000 people suffering from poor
sight were provided with visual aids; 24,000 deaf children received training in
hearing and speaking; over 80,000 physically disabled persons and children
suffering from cerebral palsy and mental disabilities participated in
rehabilitation training; over 2.50 million people suffering from mental diseases
underwent medical treatment and rehabilitation training; more than 3,900 persons
suffering from malformation caused by leprosy received plastic surgical
operations; and over 1 million devices for aiding the disabled were supplied.
The disabled persons' education and employment have been better guaranteed.
Education for disabled children has been included in the state compulsory
education system, and their enrolment rate been risen continuously. In 2004,
4,112 disabled students were admitted to institutions of higher learning,
543,000 disabled people received vocational education and training, and over
40,000 impoverished disabled students received financial assistance. In urban
areas, 305,000 disabled people were newly employed; in rural areas, 16.241
million disabled people engaged in crop farming, fish breeding and poultry
raising, or household handicraft making. The rate of employment for the disabled
has exceeded 80 percent.
Social security for the disabled has been better implemented. Large numbers
of disabled people have benefited from the minimum living standard program.
Classified assistance has been carried out in some areas, where special aid is
provided for disabled people with excessive difficulties, such as seriously
disabled people or families with more than one disabled members, by raising
their minimum living guarantee standard and level. In some urban areas,
impoverished disabled people who are self-employed are entitled to subsidies for
participating in basic old-age insurance. At present, 4.469 million disabled
people in China are provided with social security of various forms. The
aid-the-poor development program for the rural areas continues to provide
special aid to the impoverished disabled people, and people from all walks of
life in the society have assisted impoverished disabled people in various ways.
In 2004, 1.27 million disabled people no longer had the problem of having enough
to eat and wear. To improve the housing conditions of impoverished disabled
people, the central treasury appropriated 50 million yuan for subsidies and the
local governments at various levels funded 277 million yuan in total to renovate
the houses of over 20,000 households, benefiting 27,000 disabled people.
The cultural and sports life of the disabled people has
become increasingly rich and varied. In cultural centers, libraries, gymnasiums
and stadiums, more and more conveniences and services have been provided for
disabled people. TV and radio stations, newspapers and magazines give wide
coverage to the lives of disabled people, and launched special programs or
opened special columns. A large number of publications for and about disabled
people have been published, and many films and TV plays about their life
produced. The Sixth Exhibition of Programs for Disabled People of People's Radio
Stations, the Fourth National Joint Performance of Schools of Special Education,
and the National Exhibition of Fine Arts of Schools of Special Education were
held. The China Disabled People's Arts Troupe made a performance tour in seven
countries, including Switzerland and Turkey, displaying their talents and
dynamic spirit. The Chinese Fraternity of Disabled Writers has been founded. In
the 12th Paralympics in Athens, Chinese disabled athletes won 63 gold, 46 silver
and 32 bronze medals, ranking the first in total number of gold and total number
of medals. Their perseverance and sportsmanship won praise of people from
various countries.
A social environment of equal participation, care and help for disabled
people has taken shape. On May 16, 2004, the 14th "National Help-the-Disabled
Day," a rich variety of practical, effective activities was launched all over
the country. Help-the-disabled activities in the society continued, including
"Volunteers for Helping the Disabled," "Red Scarf Movement for Helping the
Disabled," "Cultural Circles' Help for the Disabled," "Help for the Disabled
from Science and Technology Circles" and "Legal Assistance for the Disabled,"
solving many practical difficulties for them. More than 50,000 liaison offices
of help-the-disabled volunteers have been established throughout the country.
Headway has been made in building a barrier-free environment for the disabled. A
large number of sloping passages, paths for the blind, handrails and audio
traffic signs and other facilities for the disabled persons' convenience have
been either built or renovated on the major roads, in shopping centers,
hospitals, hotels, cinemas, theaters, museums, airports, railway stations and
public premises in the large and medium-sized cities. Twelve cities launched the
campaign of building a model barrier-free city. Many news programs on TV are
with sign language. More and more TV programs and films have subtitles. All
these have made it more convenient for disabled people to come out of home to
participate in information exchange and social life and enjoy public services.
An environment where the disabled people are understood, respected, cared about
and helped in the society has gradually taken shape.
VII. International Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights
China has all along been supportive to and actively participated in
activities in the field of human rights sponsored by the United Nations. In
2004, Chinese delegation attended the 60th Session of the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights, the Substantive Session of the United Nations
Economic and Social Council, and the Third Committee Meeting of the 59th Session
of the United Nations General Assembly. China sent specialists to attend the
56th Session of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human
Rights. China has been elected a member of the United Nations Committee on the
Status of Women from 2005 to 2008, and Chinese specialists have been elected
into the 2005-2008 United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
Against Women and United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights. In the above organizations and meetings, China has sincerely carried out
its duties, actively participated in deliberation and discussion of human right
topics, upholding the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United
Nations, and making active efforts to promote international cooperation in the
field of human rights.
The Chinese government cherishes the important role of international
instruments on human rights in promoting and protecting human rights. As a
member of 21 international conventions on human rights, including the
"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights," it has adopted
a series of measures to perform its duties specified in the conventions, and
submits on time its reports on implementing the conventions for consideration of
the United Nations treaty bodies. With a sincere and responsible attitude, the
Chinese government is actively considering approving the "International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights." In 2004, China conscientiously wrote its Fourth
and Fifth Combined Report on the "Implementation of Convention Against Torture
and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment," giving an
account of the implementation of the convention in China, including the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region,
from 1999 to 2004. It also conscientiously wrote its first reports on the
implementation of the "International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights" and the "Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child
on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography."
China has been actively involved in the formulation of
legal instruments concerning international human rights. In 2004, the Chinese
government sent delegations to participate in drafting legal documents such as
the "Legally Binding Normative Instrument for the Protection of All Persons from
Enforced Disappearances" and "Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities."
China has actively conducted international cooperation in the field of human
rights. Since it signed the "Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation" with
the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) in 2000, both
sides have launched a series of projects of cooperation in human rights. In
2004, a UNOHCHR project assessment team visited China, and assessed its
implementation of the "Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation." China also
hosted the visit of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the UN
Commission on Human Rights. Together with the UNICEF's office in China, China
held a seminar on the questionnaire of the UN Independent Expert on Violence
Against Children, gave an honest, detailed answer to it, and submitted it to the
United Nations. In December 2004, China submitted to the United Nations its
answer to the questionnaire on child pornography on the Internet based on
careful study.
China has continued to actively participate in and promote the activities of
the second "Asia and Pacific Decade of the Disabled" (2003-2012). In 2004, the
United Nations presented Deng Pufang, Chairman of China Disabled Persons'
Federation, the "award of outstanding contributions to the 25 years of UN-China
cooperation," commending his outstanding contributions to human rights. It
represented full recognition of the international community for the persistent
efforts China has made in promoting and protecting human rights and enhancing
protection of the disabled in the world.
Based on equality and mutual respect, China has actively
carried out bilateral dialogues and exchanges on human rights. In 2004, China
held dialogues or consultations on human rights with Australia, Canada, the
United Kingdom, the European Union, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands. It also
conducted exchanges on this topic with Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe and Laos.
China hosted the Sixth ASEM Informal Seminar on Human Rights, China-Africa
Seminar on Human Rights, China-EU Seminar on the Ratification of the ICCPR,
China-Australia Seminar on the Economic Development and the Protection of the
Rights of Ethnic Minorities and Aborigines, and the Sixth China-Canada-Norway
Human Rights Forum. In May 2004, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, in
cooperation with the relevant Australian authorities, held the China-Australia
seminar on protection of the huma n rights of detainees and prisoners,
discussing about such issues as the function and role of procuratorial organs in
protection of the human rights of detainees and prisoners. These dialogues and
exchanges enhanced mutual understanding, reduced differences and expanded
consensus between China and other countries on human rights issues. At the same
time, non-governmental organizations also carried out active dialogues and
exchanges. Chinese NGOs, such as China Society for Human Rights Studies,
conducted wide-ranging exchanges and cooperation on human rights with the
Project Assessment Team of UNOHCHR, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of
the UNCHR, government and parliament delegations from Germany, Ireland, Egypt
and Vietnam, as well as non-governmental organizations from various countries,
which enhanced mutual understanding.
At the end of 2004, when the most serious tsunami in recorded history
happened in the Indian Ocean, the Chinese government and people, out of deep
sympathy with the suffering of the people of the afflicted countries, provided
earnest help to the full extent of their capabilities for their disaster relief
and rehabilitation, gaining wide appreciation at home and from abroad for their
spirit of internationalism and humanism. The Chinese government offered
emergency aid to the afflicted countries immediately after the disaster. By
March 1, 2005, the Chinese government had offered 686 million yuan worth of aid,
and the non-governmental donations amounted to 576 million yuan, in which over
50 percent of governmental aid in kind and cash had been delivered to the
afflicted countries. The Chinese government also sent two international aid
teams, four medical teams, a DNA analysis team and an investigation and
consolation delegation. The three specialized post-disaster assessment and
rehabilitation investigation teams sent to the stricken areas, having fully
communicated with the governments of the countries, formulated focused plans for
participation in rehabilitation. The Chinese government was also actively
involved in international and regional cooperation in the early-warning
mechanism for severe natural disasters, making its contributions to the better
living and development of the world population.
Realization of full human rights is a common pursuit of all countries in the
world. It is also an important target of China's all-round construction of a
well-off, harmonious socialist society. Together with the international
community, China will, as always, make persistent efforts in promoting
continuous progress of human rights in China and healthy development of
international human rights.
