The ministry made the report after secret investigation in suburban areas of Tianjin.
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The ministry found it was common in Tianjin to burn grass and waste near communities and highways, and called for an end to such practices.
The ministry also reported companies with illegal emissions and listed their malpractices.
China is under pressure to meet emissions targets by 2015, deputy minister of environment protection said in February.
On Thursday, Beijing was on yellow alert for heavy air pollution over the next three days, with children and the elderly being advised to stay indoors.