Statistical Communique on China's 2014 National Economic and Social Development

(National Bureau of Statistics of China) Updated: 2015-02-26 14:04

XII. Resources, Environment and Work Safety

In 2014, the total supply of state-owned land for construction use[40] was 610 thousand hectares, a decrease of 16.5 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the supply for mining storage was 150 thousand hectares, down by 29.9 percent; that for real estate[41] was 150 thousand hectares, down by 25.5 percent; and that for infrastructure facilities was 310 thousand hectares, down by 1.9 percent.

The total stock of water resources in 2014 was 2,837.0 billion cubic meters. The annual average precipitation was 648 millimeters. At the end of 2014, the 609 large reservoirs covered by monitoring program in China stored 366.3 billion cubic meters of water, up by 7.0 percent. With an increase of 0.6 percent over 2013, the total water consumption reached 622.0 billion cubic meters, of which water consumption for living purposes rose by 2.7 percent, for industrial use increased by 1.0 percent, for agricultural use up by 0.1 percent, and for ecological water supplement grew by 0.6 percent. Water consumption for every 10 thousand yuan worth of GDP produced[42] was 112 cubic meters, a decline of 6.3 percent over the previous year. Water consumption for every 10 thousand yuan worth of industrial value added was 64 cubic meters, down by 5.6 percent. Per capita water consumption was 456 cubic meters, up by 0.1 percent.

In 2014, a total of 6.03 million hectares of forests were planted, of which 4.27 million hectares were afforested by manpower. Some 2.00 million hectares were afforested through key afforestation projects, accounting for 33.2 percent of the total planted area of the year. By the end of 2014, there were 2,729 natural reserves including 428 national ones. A total of 54 thousand square kilometers of eroded land was put under treatment programs, and 20 thousand square kilometers of land was closed for nurture and protection in areas suffering water and soil erosion.

The average temperature in 2014 was 10.1℃. Typhoon hit China 5 times in 2014.

Preliminary estimation indicated that the total energy consumption in 2014 amounted to 4.26 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, up 2.2 percent over 2013. The consumption of coal declined by 2.9 percent; crude oil, up 5.9 percent; natural gas, up 8.6 percent; and electric power, up 3.8 percent. The consumption of coal accounted for 66.0 percent of the total energy consumption, while clean energy consumption, such as hydropower, wind power, nuclear power and natural gas, accounted for 16.9 percent. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of GDP went down by 4.8 percent. The comprehensive energy consumption per ton crude copper of industrial enterprises went down by 3.76 percent year-on-year, that of per ton steel declined by 1.65 percent, per unit caustic soda, down by 2.33 percent, and per ton cement, down by 1.12 percent. The standard coal consumption per kilowatt-hour of thermal power generation reduced by 0.67 percent.

Monitoring of water quality on 702 sections of the 10 major river basins[43] in China showed that 71.2 percent of the sections met the national quality standard from Grade I to Grade III for surface water; and 9.0 percent were worse than Grade V. Generally, the water quality in the 10 major basins maintained stable with slight pollution.

Monitoring of oceanic water quality at 301 offshore monitoring stations indicated that oceanic water met the national quality standard Grade I and II in 66.8 percent of the stations; water quality at 7.0 percent of the stations met Grade III standard; and water of Grade IV or inferior quality was found at 26.2 percent of the stations.

Of the 161 cities monitored under the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012), 9.9 percent reached the standards, and 90.1 percent failed.

Of the 319 cities subject to noise monitoring program, 1.3 percent enjoyed fairly good environment, 70.8 percent had good environment, 27.3 percent had fair environment and 0.6 percent had poor environment in downtown areas.

At the end of 2014, the daily treatment capacity of city sewage reached 128.96 million cubic meters, up 3.5 percent over that at the end of 2013. City sewage treatment rate was 90.2 percent, up 0.8 percentage point. The floor space with central heating systems in urban area amounted to 5.91 billion square meters, up 3.3 percent. Greenery coverage reached 35.9 percent of the urban area, up 0.2 percentage point.

In 2014, natural disasters hit 24.89 million hectares of crops, of which 3.09 million hectares of crops were demolished. Flood and waterlog caused a direct economic loss of 103.0 billion yuan. Drought caused a direct economic loss of 83.6 billion yuan. Disasters from low temperature, frost and snow made a total direct economic loss of 12.9 billion yuan. Oceanic disasters caused a direct economic loss of 13.6 billion yuan. The country recorded 30 earthquakes with magnitude 5 and over, 10 of which caused disasters, causing a direct economic loss of 35.6 billion yuan. The year 2014 witnessed 3,703 forest fires, with 19 thousand hectares of forests damaged.

The death toll due to work accidents amounted to 68,061 people. The death toll from work accidents for every 100 million yuan worth of GDP was 0.107 people, a decline of 13.7 percent. Work accidents in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises caused 1.328 deaths out of every 100 thousand employees, down 12.9 percent. The road traffic death toll per 10 thousand vehicles was 2.22 persons, down 5.1 percent. The death toll for one million tons of coal produced in coalmines was 0.255 person, down 11.5 percent.

In case of any discrepancy between English translation and the original Chinese text, the Chinese edition shall prevail.

[1] All figures in this Communiqué are preliminary statistics. Statistics in this Communiqué do not include Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province. Due to the rounding-off reasons, the subentries may not add up to the aggregate totals.

[2] Population who live in places other than their household registration refers to those whose current residences are different from the registered towns or streets from which they have been away for more than half a year.

[3] Floating population refers to the population who live in places other than their household registration, excluding those with current residence different from the place of their household registration in the same city. Population who live in places other than their household registration in the same city refer to those whose current residence are different from the registered towns or streets but in the same district or in different districts but in the same municipality or prefecture-level city.

[4] By the end of 2014, the population between 0 to 14 (including people not yet reaching the age of 15) were 225.58 million and that between 15 to 59 (including people not yet reaching the age of 60) were 929.82 million.

[5] Gross domestic product (GDP) and value added as quoted in this Communiqué are calculated at current prices whereas their growth rates are at constant prices. The data have been revised according to the results of the Third National Economic Census and Classification for Three National Economic Sectors developed by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2012.

[6] The number of migrant workers includes those who are employed outside their villages and towns for more than six months in the year and those who do non-agricultural work in their villages and towns for more than six months in the year.

[7] The overall labor productivity refers to the ratio between the GPD (at 2010 constant price) and the total number of persons employed.

[8] The producer prices for farm products refer to the prices of farm products sold directly by producers.

[9] High technology manufacturing industry includes manufacture of medicine, manufacture of aerospace vehicle and equipment, electronic and communication equipment, manufacture of computer and office equipment, manufacture of medical equipment, manufacture of measuring instrument and equipment and manufacture of photographic equipment.

[10] Manufacturing of equipment include manufacturing of metal products, general purpose equipment, special purpose equipment, motor vehicle, railway, ship, aerospace and other transport equipment, electrical machinery and apparatus, computer, communication and other electric equipment and measuring instrument and machinery as well as repair services of metal products, machinery and equipment.

[11] A few installed power generation capacity was not listed (e.g. geothermal).

[12] The data for the investment in fixed assets in 2013 were revised based on the results of the third national economic census.

[13] The national total of fixed assets investment is larger than the aggregate sum by adding up the subtotals of fixed assets investment in the eastern areas, central areas, western areas and northeast areas due to the fact that some of the trans-regional investments are not covered by regional figures. The eastern areas include 10 provinces and municipalities: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; central areas cover 6 provinces: Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan; western areas include 12 provinces, autonomous regions and municipality: Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; northeastern areas include 3 provinces: Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang.